Does your child have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Every year, thousands of families face this diagnosis—and, with it, the challenge of choosing the right treatment path.
While short attention spans, bursts of energy, and impulsive behavior are typical in childhood, these traits become disruptive in children with ADHD. They may struggle to concentrate, stay on task, solve problems, and perform academically—often despite their potential.
The good news is that ADHD can be managed. From medication and nutrition to neurofeedback and cognitive training, a wide range of treatment options exists. Let’s explore the most common and promising approaches.
A tablet a day?
For decades, medication has been the go-to treatment for ADHD. Stimulant drugs like methylphenidate and amphetamine-based medications remain among the most prescribed, and they’ve been shown to improve focus and reduce impulsive behaviors in many cases. These medications work by altering the brain’s chemical messaging system, helping to regulate attention and activity levels.
“Medication is an emotionally loaded issue for many people,” says counselling psychologist Samantha Holle. “There is no doubt that it can be very helpful for many patients.” She emphasizes, however, that drugs should not be seen as a standalone solution. “Unfortunately, most people receive medication without the psychological or social support that’s often equally necessary.”
As with any treatment, medications carry risks. Side effects may include sleep problems, decreased appetite, mood swings, and more serious concerns. For this reason, parents and doctors must weigh the pros and cons carefully. “You should educate yourself on all aspects of the drug debate before making a decision,” Holle advises. She also recommends counselling and support for the whole family: “ADHD in one individual affects everyone in the household.”
You are what you eat
Some practitioners believe that diet plays a significant role in ADHD. Food sensitivities, additives, and nutritional deficiencies may all influence behavior. Dr Gerrie Lindeque, a family practitioner in Parys, sees strong links between diet and neurological conditions like ADHD and autism spectrum disorder. He typically avoids medication and begins treatment by optimizing brain nutrients and eliminating potentially disruptive foods.
“ADHD children often do better when blood sugar levels are stabilized,” explains Dr Lindeque. High-fiber foods—like lentils, beans, and whole oats—help regulate glucose levels. Brain development also depends on structural fats, which support the formation of myelin, the insulating layer around nerve fibers. Whole eggs, butter, coconut, raw nuts, and cod liver oil are rich sources, he says.
Omega-3 fatty acids, essential for brain function, can be found in oily fish like sardines, mackerel, and salmon. “And don’t forget colorful organic fruits and vegetables,” he adds. “Just remember to pair fruit with a low-GI food like nuts to prevent sugar spikes.”
Dietary changes can be used alone or alongside other treatments. If you’re considering a nutritional approach, consult a knowledgeable practitioner, such as a pediatric dietician or integrative healthcare provider. What works for one child may not work for another.
Neurofeedback therapy
Neurofeedback—also called EEG biofeedback—is another alternative therapy. This technique monitors brainwave activity and trains the brain to shift toward healthier patterns. According to Dr J. Scholtemeyer, an educational psychologist, neurofeedback helps increase focus by encouraging the brain to produce more fast beta waves (linked to alertness) and fewer slow theta waves (linked to daydreaming or drowsiness).
Although the theory is compelling, research has produced mixed results. In one German study (2009) involving 94 children with ADHD, only half showed a significant reduction in symptoms. Dr David Rabiner, a clinical psychologist who reviewed the study, noted: “Fifty percent of children failed to show a 25 percent decline in core symptoms.”
While some children benefit from neurofeedback, it is generally considered more effective when used as part of a broader treatment plan rather than a standalone solution.
Cognitive training: Brain fitness for focus
Cognitive training—also known as brain training—is gaining traction as a non-drug intervention for ADHD. It aims to strengthen the mental “muscles” behind attention, memory, and executive function.
“Cognitive training is both old and new,” says Sue du Plessis, director of Edublox Reading and Learning Clinic. “Old in South Africa, but new in many other countries.” Edublox released its first home-based brain training program in 1979 and has since helped thousands of learners, including those with ADHD.
The goal is to identify cognitive weaknesses—such as poor working memory, slow processing speed, and limited problem-solving—and improve them through systematic exercises. “If the brain can change, then the difficulties ADHD children face can be overcome,” says Sue. Like a fitness routine with varied workouts, cognitive training lessons target different mental skills.
A 2011 study by Dr Lee DeLorge in Ohio tested an Edublox program with 67 learners, including 35 diagnosed with ADHD. Results showed that the ADHD group improved their processing speed by an average of 52.45%, jumping from 37.24% before training to 89.69% afterward. Processing speed is a well-known challenge for children with ADHD, making this finding especially promising.
Some cognitive programs are computer-based and can be used at home. However, not all are equally effective. “Parents need to do their homework before choosing a program,” Sue cautions.
A final thought
ADHD is a complex, multifaceted condition—and so are the solutions. While medication helps many, it’s rarely enough on its own. Dietary strategies, neurofeedback, and cognitive training offer additional avenues for support and healing.
No single approach works for everyone. The most successful outcomes often come from a multimodal plan tailored to a child’s unique strengths and needs. With persistence, education, and the right support, ADHD doesn’t have to define your child’s future. It can be managed—and even mastered.
